Friday, December 4, 2009
RJA #15b: Reflection on What You Learned
In this class, I learned how to research a topic, summarize my research into an annotated bibliography and format my research into a paper. I learned about the different writing formats/styles of APA and MLA. I believe this class improved my writing skills and will therefore, assist me in school with any future writing assignments. I also think my new and improved writing skills will assist me at work when I have to write or draft any documents.
Thursday, November 19, 2009
RJA #14: Annotated Bibliography, Part 2
1. U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009. Section 2: Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Divorces, P.63. http://www.census.gov/prod/
This source provided statistics on marriages and divorces. It is a reliable cite as it a government cite. It fits into my research because I believe that showing the number of divorces may help show the impact this may have on children.
2. "Divorce." The Free On-Line Dictionary. 2000. Web. 30 Oct. 2009
This source gave a great definition of divorce - "a complete or radical severance of closely connected things" and "to cut off; separate or disunite." This is a credible source as it is associated with The American Heritage Dictionary. The goal of this source is to define divorce. I thought this source was very helpful as I think this definition really defines how divorce can radically effect a child's life.
3. Marquardt, Elizabeth. Between Two Worlds: the Inner Lives of Children of Divorce. New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2005. Print.
The main argument of this book is that there is no such thing as a good divorce. The author of this book personally experienced a good divorce and has had a normal and successful life. Regardless of this, she believes that as a child her world was turned upside down and has negatively impacted her life as an adult. I believe this source was reliable because not only was she writing about her own experiences, she also wrote about several interviews she did of adult children of divorce. The goal of this source was to make parents aware that no matter how well they believe they are handling the divorce, it will still have a negative impact on their child(ren). This source was very helpful and supported my argument.
4. Portnoy, Sanford. "The Psychology of Divorce: A Lawyer's Primer, Part 2: The Effects of Divorce on Children." American Journal of Family Law. Winter 2008: 126-134. Print.4.
This source basically outlined some of the effects of divorce on children during the divorce and in the years following the divorce. This source was helpful was similar to some of my other sources. I felt this was a credible source because it was published in a professional journal. This source was very helpful and supported my argument.
5. Eleoff, Sara. "Divorce Effects on Children: An Exploration of the Ramifications of Divorce on Children and Adolescents." childadvocate.net., n.d. 2 Sept. 2009.
This source, which was a website, addressed the long term impact of divorce on children. This was another source that was similar to some of my other sources.
I felt this was a credible source because the author of this website is a child and adolescence psychiatrist. It appears that this website has several contributors including doctors, attorneys, and a former director of the National Counsel of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. The purpose of this website is to "serve the needs of children, families and professionals while addressing mental health, medical, educational, legal and legislative issues." It doesn't appear that this website is bias.
This source was helpful because it supported my argument and it addressed the issue of children being afraid of repeating their parents' mistakes in their own relationships.
6. Lytle, Victoria. "Kids and Divorce." NEA Today. 13.3 (1994):1. Print.
This source was an interview that Victoria Lytle did of Judith Wallerstein about the effect of divorce on children at different stages/ages. It addresses the negative impact divorce can have on a child's outlook on life, personality and relationships. I felt this source was credible because Judith Wallerstein is a well known expert in this area. This source was helpful because it helped support my argument of the long term effects of divorce on children.
This source provided statistics on marriages and divorces. It is a reliable cite as it a government cite. It fits into my research because I believe that showing the number of divorces may help show the impact this may have on children.
2. "Divorce." The Free On-Line Dictionary. 2000. Web. 30 Oct. 2009
This source gave a great definition of divorce - "a complete or radical severance of closely connected things" and "to cut off; separate or disunite." This is a credible source as it is associated with The American Heritage Dictionary. The goal of this source is to define divorce. I thought this source was very helpful as I think this definition really defines how divorce can radically effect a child's life.
3. Marquardt, Elizabeth. Between Two Worlds: the Inner Lives of Children of Divorce. New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2005. Print.
The main argument of this book is that there is no such thing as a good divorce. The author of this book personally experienced a good divorce and has had a normal and successful life. Regardless of this, she believes that as a child her world was turned upside down and has negatively impacted her life as an adult. I believe this source was reliable because not only was she writing about her own experiences, she also wrote about several interviews she did of adult children of divorce. The goal of this source was to make parents aware that no matter how well they believe they are handling the divorce, it will still have a negative impact on their child(ren). This source was very helpful and supported my argument.
4. Portnoy, Sanford. "The Psychology of Divorce: A Lawyer's Primer, Part 2: The Effects of Divorce on Children." American Journal of Family Law. Winter 2008: 126-134. Print.4.
This source basically outlined some of the effects of divorce on children during the divorce and in the years following the divorce. This source was helpful was similar to some of my other sources. I felt this was a credible source because it was published in a professional journal. This source was very helpful and supported my argument.
5. Eleoff, Sara. "Divorce Effects on Children: An Exploration of the Ramifications of Divorce on Children and Adolescents." childadvocate.net., n.d. 2 Sept. 2009.
This source, which was a website, addressed the long term impact of divorce on children. This was another source that was similar to some of my other sources.
I felt this was a credible source because the author of this website is a child and adolescence psychiatrist. It appears that this website has several contributors including doctors, attorneys, and a former director of the National Counsel of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. The purpose of this website is to "serve the needs of children, families and professionals while addressing mental health, medical, educational, legal and legislative issues." It doesn't appear that this website is bias.
This source was helpful because it supported my argument and it addressed the issue of children being afraid of repeating their parents' mistakes in their own relationships.
6. Lytle, Victoria. "Kids and Divorce." NEA Today. 13.3 (1994):1. Print.
This source was an interview that Victoria Lytle did of Judith Wallerstein about the effect of divorce on children at different stages/ages. It addresses the negative impact divorce can have on a child's outlook on life, personality and relationships. I felt this source was credible because Judith Wallerstein is a well known expert in this area. This source was helpful because it helped support my argument of the long term effects of divorce on children.
Thursday, November 12, 2009
RJA #13b: Annotated Bibliography, Part 1
1. Manning, S. "Children of Divorce." Scholastic Update. 6 Sept. 1991: 13-15. Print.
This article shows two different view points on the effects of divorce on children, but the main argument of this article is that the effects of divorce on children can stay with them years beyond their parents actual divorce. Some experts believe that children deal with the stress associated with their parents' divorce in different ways and their problems cannot all be blamed on their parents' divorce. This article discusses the research done by known expert Judith Wallerstein and her study of 100 children over a ten year period. Wallerstein's study showed that "almost half entered adulthood as 'worried, underachieving, lonely, and sometimes angry ...'" Also, these children "tended to perform less well in school and had more behavioral and psychological problems than children raised by both biological parents" more than a decade after their parents' divorce. Of course, there are other experts who disagree with Wallerstein. Psychologist Robert Emery of the University of Virginia believes that children have "'a much higher level of coping [ability]'" and believes the majority of children "'can and will adjust to their parents' divorce.'" He believes divorce can be hard on children in the beginning but will do okay in the end. He says this can be accomplished by parents getting along, working together, and "remain[ing] warm, consistent, and authoritative in their discipline, and if there is economic stability" (emphasis added). The majority of experts tend to agree that the breakup of a family through a divorce has a greater impact on the children than it does on the parents. The majority of experts also agree that "children of divorce need greater social, financial, and psychological support."
This article is very useful because, as I said before, it address both sides of the argument that I address in my research. I believe this source is objective. It appears to come from a scholastic journal. I think because it presents both sides of the issue of the effects of divorce on children, it will fit well into my research and therefore, making this source very helpful. This source is also helpful because it introduces the concept of the "sleeper effect" which I don't believe I've seen yet in my other sources.
2. Jacobson, Linda. "Emotional Damage from Divorce Found to Linger." Education Week 16.37 (1997): 3. Print.
The main point of this article is that children experience the effects of their parents' divorce even in adulthood. This article addresses a study of children of divorce done by Judith Wallerstein, who is the "nation's foremost authority on divorce and children." Wallerstein believes that impact divorce has on a child builds up over time. Many children have relationship issues in early adulthood into their 30s including a fear of repeating their parents' mistakes and failing in their own relationships. Children of Divorce often experience a lower success rate in the area of education. Many do not graduate from college. Wallerstein states even though dealing with parental divorce is very hard on children, this does not mean they cannot be content with their lives.
The goal of this source is to highlight Judith Wallerstein's study and discuss the implication of divorce on education. This article has some useful information, but some is repetitive as Judith Wallerstein's study is mentioned in several sources. This source was helpful. It proves my theory that the effects of divorce can carry into adulthood.
3. Jenish, D'Arcy, and Driedger, Sharon Doyle. "Can Kids Cope?" Maclean's 107.25 (1994): 38. Print.
This article's main argument surrounds a survey of children showing that even though more than 80% of these children indicated that their parent's divorce "had either a positive impact or not effect on their education, personality, outlook on life and desire to get married," experts say that no matter how well these children are dealing with their parents' divorce approximately 20-50% of these children "will suffer from long-term trauma. There is a 50% chance that these children will experience divorce themselves. After a family break up, these children go from a normal home with two parents, to having "two houses, two bedrooms, two sets of clothes, two sets of toys and two sets of friends." Not all children of divorce will suffer from long-term trauma as some children are better able to cope than others. Some children of divorce may be better off if their parents' divorce when it involves a high conflict marriage. This article also points out the concept of "sleeper effect" introduced by expert, Judith Wallerstein. When children experience what is known as the "sleeper effect," this means that they appear to be fine during and after their parents' divorce and do not seem to experience any effects from the divorce until they are into their adulthood.
This article is useful and maybe more objective than my other sources. The goal of this source is to show that not all children suffer from their parents' divorce. This source concept fits well into my research as I can use it as a counter argument.
4. Lach, Jennifer. "The Consequences of Divorce." American Demographics 21.10 (1999): 14. Print.
This article addresses a study done by a college professor, Nicholas Wolfinger, that indicates that the rate of divorce for children of divorce is declining and this is an indicator that divorce is having less of an impact on children. Wolfinger believes this may be true because divorce is more "socially acceptable" and "no longer takes such a strong toll on kids." Because of this, Wolfinger believes children are "better equipped to succeed in their own marriages." Wolfinger also indicates that the rate of marriages among children of divorce is decreasing. These children instead are choosing cohabitation rather than committing to marriage. Lach points out this could be a reflection of "their declining faith in the institution of marriage."
This source is very useful. I like this article because the point of the article is to diminish the effects of divorce on children, but instead it proves my point that divorce does have a negative effect because these children of divorce now do not have faith in the concept of marriage. I think inadvertently, this article points out that the issue is not the fact that divorce is more acceptable but the fact that cohabitation is more acceptable. Because they can choose cohabitation over the commitment of marriage, they do not have to risk following in their parents' footsteps. They can just walk out the door if the relationship doesn't work out.
This source fits into my research because it not only proves my argument but shows another person's perspective on the issue and how they interpret these changes in marriage rates as opposed how I or another person could interpret them. This article does not change how I think about my topic.
This article shows two different view points on the effects of divorce on children, but the main argument of this article is that the effects of divorce on children can stay with them years beyond their parents actual divorce. Some experts believe that children deal with the stress associated with their parents' divorce in different ways and their problems cannot all be blamed on their parents' divorce. This article discusses the research done by known expert Judith Wallerstein and her study of 100 children over a ten year period. Wallerstein's study showed that "almost half entered adulthood as 'worried, underachieving, lonely, and sometimes angry ...'" Also, these children "tended to perform less well in school and had more behavioral and psychological problems than children raised by both biological parents" more than a decade after their parents' divorce. Of course, there are other experts who disagree with Wallerstein. Psychologist Robert Emery of the University of Virginia believes that children have "'a much higher level of coping [ability]'" and believes the majority of children "'can and will adjust to their parents' divorce.'" He believes divorce can be hard on children in the beginning but will do okay in the end. He says this can be accomplished by parents getting along, working together, and "remain[ing] warm, consistent, and authoritative in their discipline, and if there is economic stability" (emphasis added). The majority of experts tend to agree that the breakup of a family through a divorce has a greater impact on the children than it does on the parents. The majority of experts also agree that "children of divorce need greater social, financial, and psychological support."
This article is very useful because, as I said before, it address both sides of the argument that I address in my research. I believe this source is objective. It appears to come from a scholastic journal. I think because it presents both sides of the issue of the effects of divorce on children, it will fit well into my research and therefore, making this source very helpful. This source is also helpful because it introduces the concept of the "sleeper effect" which I don't believe I've seen yet in my other sources.
2. Jacobson, Linda. "Emotional Damage from Divorce Found to Linger." Education Week 16.37 (1997): 3. Print.
The main point of this article is that children experience the effects of their parents' divorce even in adulthood. This article addresses a study of children of divorce done by Judith Wallerstein, who is the "nation's foremost authority on divorce and children." Wallerstein believes that impact divorce has on a child builds up over time. Many children have relationship issues in early adulthood into their 30s including a fear of repeating their parents' mistakes and failing in their own relationships. Children of Divorce often experience a lower success rate in the area of education. Many do not graduate from college. Wallerstein states even though dealing with parental divorce is very hard on children, this does not mean they cannot be content with their lives.
The goal of this source is to highlight Judith Wallerstein's study and discuss the implication of divorce on education. This article has some useful information, but some is repetitive as Judith Wallerstein's study is mentioned in several sources. This source was helpful. It proves my theory that the effects of divorce can carry into adulthood.
3. Jenish, D'Arcy, and Driedger, Sharon Doyle. "Can Kids Cope?" Maclean's 107.25 (1994): 38. Print.
This article's main argument surrounds a survey of children showing that even though more than 80% of these children indicated that their parent's divorce "had either a positive impact or not effect on their education, personality, outlook on life and desire to get married," experts say that no matter how well these children are dealing with their parents' divorce approximately 20-50% of these children "will suffer from long-term trauma. There is a 50% chance that these children will experience divorce themselves. After a family break up, these children go from a normal home with two parents, to having "two houses, two bedrooms, two sets of clothes, two sets of toys and two sets of friends." Not all children of divorce will suffer from long-term trauma as some children are better able to cope than others. Some children of divorce may be better off if their parents' divorce when it involves a high conflict marriage. This article also points out the concept of "sleeper effect" introduced by expert, Judith Wallerstein. When children experience what is known as the "sleeper effect," this means that they appear to be fine during and after their parents' divorce and do not seem to experience any effects from the divorce until they are into their adulthood.
This article is useful and maybe more objective than my other sources. The goal of this source is to show that not all children suffer from their parents' divorce. This source concept fits well into my research as I can use it as a counter argument.
4. Lach, Jennifer. "The Consequences of Divorce." American Demographics 21.10 (1999): 14. Print.
This article addresses a study done by a college professor, Nicholas Wolfinger, that indicates that the rate of divorce for children of divorce is declining and this is an indicator that divorce is having less of an impact on children. Wolfinger believes this may be true because divorce is more "socially acceptable" and "no longer takes such a strong toll on kids." Because of this, Wolfinger believes children are "better equipped to succeed in their own marriages." Wolfinger also indicates that the rate of marriages among children of divorce is decreasing. These children instead are choosing cohabitation rather than committing to marriage. Lach points out this could be a reflection of "their declining faith in the institution of marriage."
This source is very useful. I like this article because the point of the article is to diminish the effects of divorce on children, but instead it proves my point that divorce does have a negative effect because these children of divorce now do not have faith in the concept of marriage. I think inadvertently, this article points out that the issue is not the fact that divorce is more acceptable but the fact that cohabitation is more acceptable. Because they can choose cohabitation over the commitment of marriage, they do not have to risk following in their parents' footsteps. They can just walk out the door if the relationship doesn't work out.
This source fits into my research because it not only proves my argument but shows another person's perspective on the issue and how they interpret these changes in marriage rates as opposed how I or another person could interpret them. This article does not change how I think about my topic.
RJA #13a: Field Research Report
PERSONAL INTERVIEWS - Questions/Responses:
1. How old were you when you realized your parents were having marital problems?
LC: I do not remember any family arguments. My parents made it a point not to argue in front of us. I remember the day my mom kicked my dad out of the house. My mom told us that dad was not going to live with us any more. After that I cried a lot at night in bed.
1. How old were you when you realized your parents were having marital problems?
LC: I do not remember any family arguments. My parents made it a point not to argue in front of us. I remember the day my mom kicked my dad out of the house. My mom told us that dad was not going to live with us any more. After that I cried a lot at night in bed.
AG: As long as I can remember my dad was always moving in and out.
2. Did you ever think that your parents might separate or divorce?
LC: No
AG: My parents were always separated.
3. How old were you when your parents divorced?
LC: 5 years old
AG: 11 years old
4. I had to take sides in my parents' conflicts (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: somewhat agree
AG: strongly disagree
5. At any time during your parents' divorce were you feeling pulled between your parents or put in the middle parents' arguments and having to assume the role of "peace maker?
LC: My mom would put us in the middle as she would say bad things about my dad. My dad never said anything bad about my mom. I remember feeling like they put me in the middle of an argument about me needing braces which they fought about and I felt like it was my fault that they were fighting.
AG: no
6. When you were growing up, did you feel too responsible for taking care of your mother/father/brother or sister?
LC: No, but my older sister took on this role. I remember my teachers telling my mom that I was more well adjusted then kids with two parents. But I had a lot of stomach problems and the doctor determined that I appeared to be fine on the outside, but I was not fine on the inside.
AG: Not until I started to live w/ my father and then I assumed the role of caretaker which I carry to this day.
7. At any time in the years after the divorce, were you asked to choose which parent to live with?
LC: I lived primarily with my mom, but when I was a freshman, I chose to live with my dad.
AG: No. I didn’t have a choice.
8. I often missed my mother/father (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: strongly agree
AG: strongly disagree
9. Did you ever feel abandoned by mother/father?
LC: no
AG: Yes; by my mother.
10. There are things that my mother/father has done that I find hard to forgive (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: strongly disagree
AG: Strongly agree. I’m still upset with my mother for sending me to live with my father so she could be with her boyfriend.
11. Did you blame one parent for the divorce or were you angry at one or both parents because of the divorce/family problems?
LC: no
AG: The divorce was my mother’s fault and was and still may be angry with her.
12. I generally felt physically safe (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: somewhat disagree
AG: strongly agree
13. I was alone a lot as a child (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: strongly agree
AG: strongly disagree (I don’t think so, but I can’t remember.)
14. If you answered yes to #13 above, did you feel isolated or lonely?
LC: yes
AG: N/A
15. Sometimes I felt like I didn't have a home (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: strongly disagree
AG: strongly disagree; I had many homes as I was always floating back and forth between my mom’s, dad’s and grandparents.
16. I generally felt emotionally safe (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: strongly agree
AG: strongly agree
17. I felt like I had two families (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: strongly agree
AG: strongly agree
18. I felt like I had two homes (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: somewhat agree; when I was living with my mom I felt like her house was more my home as I with her more than my dad.
AG: strongly agree; I actually had lots of homes (moms, dads, grandparents)
19. Did you have difficulty adjusting to two households?
LC: no
AG: no
20. When you were growing up did you ever run away from home?
LC: I threatened to runaway, but I never did.
AG: no
21. When you were growing up were you ever kicked out of the house?
LC: When I was living with dad and visiting my mom, I got in a fight with my mom and she kicked me out of her house and told me not to come back unless I was going to follow her rules. W eventually made up and she allowed me to come back.
AG: yes
22. I feel I can depend on my friends more than my family (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: strongly disagree
AG: strongly agree
23. Do you feel you and your parents have a close relationship?
LC: yes
AG: My mom and I have a friendship we do not have a mother/daughter relationship. Personally I do not feel like I have a daughter/father relationship I feel like I’m his parent and took on the role as therapist when he was going through his divorce.
24. When I have a conflict with someone, I usually feel it can only get worse, not better (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: strongly disagree
AG: strongly disagree
25. I have experienced many losses in my life (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: strongly disagree
AG: strongly disagree
26. I don't feel that anyone really understands me (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
LC: strongly disagree
AG: strongly disagree
27. In general, would you say most people can be trusted or you can't be too careful in life?
LC: I would say you can't be too careful in life.
AG: Most people can be trusted, but trust has to be earned.
28. What is your marital status?
LC: married
AG: married
29. Did you and your husband live together before you married?
LC: yes
AG: yes
30. Taking all things together, how would you describe your marriage (very happy, pretty happy, not too happy).
LC: Between not too happy and pretty happy as we fight a lot.
AG: not too happy
31. How old were you when you got married.
LC: 1st marriage: 21 years old; 2nd marriage 31 years old
AG: 24 years old
32. Have you ever been divorced? If so, how old were you when you got divorced.
LC: yes - Age 27
AG: no
33. Do you have children? If so, how many?
LC: yes - one
AG: no
34. What is your level of education (graduate degree, bachelor's degree, associate degree, some college, HS degree, no HS degree).
LC: bachelor's degree
AG: some college
NOTES: LC indicated to me that had I asked these questions to her older sister, she feels her sister's responses would have been a lot different because of their age difference, her sister has different memories of the divorce. She was the caretaker and seemed to take care of everyone in the family and was a lot closer to their father and had a harder time with the divorce.
Sunday, November 8, 2009
RJA #12b: Presentation Plan
The Long Lasting Effects of Divorce on Children
1. Children's Negative Experiences during Parents' Divorce:
1. Children's Negative Experiences during Parents' Divorce:
- feelings of loneliness, pain, anger, grief, sadness
- feelings of being put into the middle of their parents conflict
- feelings of abandonment
- feeling that the divorce is their fault
- difficulties adjusting to two households
2. Children's Positive Experiences during their Parents' Divorce:
- feeling fine with their parents' divorce
- feeling their parents' decision to divorce was a good one
- feeling relieved that their parents' fighting is over
- feeling safe now that one parent is out of the home
- feeling they are better off or not affected by their parents' divorce
3. Causes of Children's Experiences during their Parents' Divorce
A. These experiences are as a direct result of their parents divorce and causes include:- parents putting their needs before their children's needs
- parents putting their children in the middle of their conflicts or using their children as pawns during their divorce
- parents splitting their household so the children's home as they knew is completely dismantled
B. These experiences are not as direct result of their parents divorce and causes include:
- individual temperament
- genes
- sibling/peer relationships
4. Negative Effects of Parents' Divorce that can carry into Adulthood
- difficulty trusting others
- fearful of commitment
- difficulty with intimacy
- feelings of isolation and loneliness
- struggles with low self-esteem
5. Positive Effects of Parents' Divorce that can carry into Adulthood
- many become stronger
- many become wiser
- many become better communicators
6. Minimizing the Effects of Divorce on Children - Can it be done?
A. Some experts believe that the effects of divorce on children can be minimized and if parents have a "good" divorce, their children can survive the divorce without experiencing any negative effects.
B. Some experts believe there is no such thing as a "good" divorce and divorce will always have a negative effect on children.
7. Works Cited
Wednesday, November 4, 2009
RJA #12a: Progress Report
WHAT I HAVE ACCOMPLISHED
- reviewed my resources
- eliminated resources I do not need
- obtained info from Child & Family Investigator (CFI)
- completed "initial" outline
WHAT I STILL NEED TO DO
- finalize draft of outline by 11/9/09
- prepare PowerPoint presentation by 11/9/09
- finalize personal interviews (follow up questions and analyzing info) by week of 11/9/09
- evaluate info from CFI by week of 11/9/09
- rewrite/finalize draft of intro by week of 11/17/09
- draft argumentative paper by week of 11/17/09
- draft works cited page by week of 11/17/09
- complete argumentative paper by week of 12/1/09
Friday, October 30, 2009
RJA #11b: Visual Aids
1. Charts of statistics re: divorce, marriage and children.
2. Graphs of statistics re: divorce, marriage and children.
3. Copy of Colorado Statute defining a Child & Family Investigator's (CFI) role and purpose of court appointment.
4. Copy of actual CFI report with quotes from children about their experiences with parents' divorce.
5. Research data (questions, etc.).
2. Graphs of statistics re: divorce, marriage and children.
3. Copy of Colorado Statute defining a Child & Family Investigator's (CFI) role and purpose of court appointment.
4. Copy of actual CFI report with quotes from children about their experiences with parents' divorce.
5. Research data (questions, etc.).
RJA #11a: Introduction
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2,244,000 marriages were recorded in the United States in 1998, and during this same year, more than 50% or 1,135,000 marriages ended in divorce. This divorce rate excludes data from four states (California, Colorado, Indiana and Louisiana) and there is no record of the divorce rates after 1998. To fully understand the true implications of this divorce rate, you must first understand the meaning of the term divorce. Divorce can be defined as “a complete or radical severance of closely connected things” and “to cut off; separate or disunite.” Technically this definition applies to husband and wife, but realistically this definition could apply to their children. As a result of a divorce, a “radical severance of [a child's] closely connected things” can include the child's home and the way child's life as he/she knows it. A change like this can be a very traumatic experience for a child. As with most traumas, negative effects can ensue. Children can carry the negative effects from their parents' divorce into adulthood.
Saturday, October 24, 2009
RJA #10b: Argument
Research question: What effects of divorce do children carry with them into adulthood?
Thesis: Children carry the negative effects of their parents' divorce into adulthood.
Ethos:
Judith Wallerstein studied 100+ children of divorce for more than 10 years and found that almost 50% of the children entered adulthood as "worried, underachieving, lonely, ..."
A study by a major researcher of 1000+ divorced families over 30 years found that 20-25% of young adults from divorced families "experienced long-term damage - serious social and emotional problems - compared to 10% of young people from intact families."
Studies show that the effects of divorce can stay with children for years and it has been found that some common characteristics of adult children of divorce include low self-esteem, mistrustfulness and fear of commitment.
Pathos:
No matter what the level of conflict in a divorce, a completely new family life emerges for children after a divorce. Their life as they knew it is destroyed. A divorce separates what was once an intact family and creates two new and separate worlds for children to grow up in - two new homes; two new lives and sometimes two separate identities, which can be hard and painful for children.
Logos:
It is not hard to believe that a child would experience negative effects from their parents' divorce that could carry on into their adulthood. Children, who have their entire worlds turned upside down, do not have the same coping mechanisms as an adult who might experience a traumatic experience.
In my line of work, I have seen the results of divorce on young children. Two four year-old twins who have to participate in therapy; a six year old boy with an eating disorder; and a ten year-old in a mental institution for wanting to kill herself. Granted there may be other underlying factors in these children's lives, but you cannot ignore the fact that in all three situations, the parents are involved in a divorce.
Thesis: Children carry the negative effects of their parents' divorce into adulthood.
Ethos:
Judith Wallerstein studied 100+ children of divorce for more than 10 years and found that almost 50% of the children entered adulthood as "worried, underachieving, lonely, ..."
A study by a major researcher of 1000+ divorced families over 30 years found that 20-25% of young adults from divorced families "experienced long-term damage - serious social and emotional problems - compared to 10% of young people from intact families."
Studies show that the effects of divorce can stay with children for years and it has been found that some common characteristics of adult children of divorce include low self-esteem, mistrustfulness and fear of commitment.
Pathos:
No matter what the level of conflict in a divorce, a completely new family life emerges for children after a divorce. Their life as they knew it is destroyed. A divorce separates what was once an intact family and creates two new and separate worlds for children to grow up in - two new homes; two new lives and sometimes two separate identities, which can be hard and painful for children.
Logos:
It is not hard to believe that a child would experience negative effects from their parents' divorce that could carry on into their adulthood. Children, who have their entire worlds turned upside down, do not have the same coping mechanisms as an adult who might experience a traumatic experience.
In my line of work, I have seen the results of divorce on young children. Two four year-old twins who have to participate in therapy; a six year old boy with an eating disorder; and a ten year-old in a mental institution for wanting to kill herself. Granted there may be other underlying factors in these children's lives, but you cannot ignore the fact that in all three situations, the parents are involved in a divorce.
RJA #10a: Thesis Statement
Research question: What effects of divorce do children carry with them into adulthood?
Precise claim: Children carry the negative effects of their parents' divorce with them into adulthood.
Reasons/blue print:
1. the effects of divorce, including low self-esteem, mistrustfulness and fear of commitment, can stay with children for years.
2. more young adults from divorced families experience long term damage (serious social and emotional problems) compared to young people from intact families.
Complete thesis statement: Children carry the negative effects of their parents' divorce into adulthood.
Precise claim: Children carry the negative effects of their parents' divorce with them into adulthood.
Reasons/blue print:
1. the effects of divorce, including low self-esteem, mistrustfulness and fear of commitment, can stay with children for years.
2. more young adults from divorced families experience long term damage (serious social and emotional problems) compared to young people from intact families.
Complete thesis statement: Children carry the negative effects of their parents' divorce into adulthood.
Sunday, October 18, 2009
RJA #9: Evaluation of Sources
1. Author: Elizabeth Marquardt
Title: The Inner Lives of Children of Divorce: Between Two Worlds
Place of Publication: New York
Name of Publisher: Crown Publishers
Date of Publication (copyright): 2005
Edition: 1st
I do not believe this author shows any signs of bias. In her book, she doesn't share her political leanings or religious views that could affect her objectivity. I do not believe the author or publisher is associated with any special interest groups that might only see one side of an issue. Although the author is writing about her theory that children are affected by divorce (based on the results of her own independent study), the author does report and address alternative views. I don't think the author's language shows any signs of bias.
2. Author: Claire Berman
Title: Adult Children of Divorce Speak Out about Growing up with and Moving Beyond Parental Divorce
Place of Publication: New York
Name of Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Date of Publication: 1991
Again, I do not believe this author shows any signs of bias. In her book, she doesn't share her political leanings or religious views that could affect her objectivity. I do not believe the author or publisher is associated with any special interest groups that might only see one side of an issue. This author is reporting on her own personal experiences and the information she obtained through interviews of adults who experienced parental divorce as children. She does address alternative views. I haven't gotten through this entire book, but from what I've read so far, the author's language doesn't show any signs of bias.
3. Authors: Keith Verna and Barbara Finlay
Title: The Impact of Parental Divorce on Children's Educational Attainment, Marital Timing, and Likelihood of Divorce
Source: Journal of Marriage & Family, August 1988, Vol 50, Issue 3, p797-809
I do not believe the authors of this article show any signs of bias. The don't share their political leanings or religious views that could affect their objectivity. The authors are affiliated with Texas A&M University, but I am not aware if they or the publisher is associated with any special interest groups that might only see one side of an issue. These authors seem to base their article on comparisons of different studies and their own study. These authors do address different points of view as they address different studies done on this subject. The authors language does not suggest any bias.
4. Divorcesource.com: This website has no documented author or sponsorship. This seems to be an informative website and it appears its purpose is to provide information for people going through a divorce. The information includes all aspects of a divorce, including but not limited to issues involving children, finances, assets, etc. This website discusses the effects of divorce on children but not long term effects and therefore, doesn't appear to be relevant to my topic. The website had the current date but I couldn't tell if that is the date that the website was last updated. It doesn't appear that this website is bias.
5. Childadvocate.net: The author of this website appears to be Chris Petersen, M.D. (child and adolescence psychiatrist). Also this website states that it is in compliance with HONcode and was last reviewed by the HONcode team in August 2009. The HONcode pledges to respect and honor 8 principles: authoritative, complementarity, privacy, attribution, justifiability, transparency, financial disclosure and advertising policy. This website's awards and acknowledgments include Family Friendly Cite recognized and respected on the WWW, Editor's Choice Healing Well.com, and Golden Web award 2002-2003. It appears that this website has several contributors including doctors, attorneys, and a former director of the National Counsel of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. The purpose of this website is to "serve the needs of children, families and professionals while addressing mental health, medical, educational, legal and legislative issues." The audience appears to be large and includes anyone needing information about children and it appears this website is relevant to my topic. This website was last revised on October 10, 2009. It doesn't appear that this website is bias.
6. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP.org): This website seems to be authored and sponsored by the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Association. This seems to be an informative website and it appears its purpose is to provide information to families, medical students/residents and other medical professionals such as psychiatrists, etc. regarding mental, behavioral and developmental disorders affecting children. Although this website addresses children and divorce, I couldn't find anything about the long-term effects of divorce on children; therefore, it doesn't appear to be relevant to my topic. I couldn't find any information as to when this website was last updated. This website could be bias but it is hard to tell, because it doesn't disclose its affiliations or give information regarding the legislation it supports.
Title: The Inner Lives of Children of Divorce: Between Two Worlds
Place of Publication: New York
Name of Publisher: Crown Publishers
Date of Publication (copyright): 2005
Edition: 1st
I do not believe this author shows any signs of bias. In her book, she doesn't share her political leanings or religious views that could affect her objectivity. I do not believe the author or publisher is associated with any special interest groups that might only see one side of an issue. Although the author is writing about her theory that children are affected by divorce (based on the results of her own independent study), the author does report and address alternative views. I don't think the author's language shows any signs of bias.
2. Author: Claire Berman
Title: Adult Children of Divorce Speak Out about Growing up with and Moving Beyond Parental Divorce
Place of Publication: New York
Name of Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Date of Publication: 1991
Again, I do not believe this author shows any signs of bias. In her book, she doesn't share her political leanings or religious views that could affect her objectivity. I do not believe the author or publisher is associated with any special interest groups that might only see one side of an issue. This author is reporting on her own personal experiences and the information she obtained through interviews of adults who experienced parental divorce as children. She does address alternative views. I haven't gotten through this entire book, but from what I've read so far, the author's language doesn't show any signs of bias.
3. Authors: Keith Verna and Barbara Finlay
Title: The Impact of Parental Divorce on Children's Educational Attainment, Marital Timing, and Likelihood of Divorce
Source: Journal of Marriage & Family, August 1988, Vol 50, Issue 3, p797-809
I do not believe the authors of this article show any signs of bias. The don't share their political leanings or religious views that could affect their objectivity. The authors are affiliated with Texas A&M University, but I am not aware if they or the publisher is associated with any special interest groups that might only see one side of an issue. These authors seem to base their article on comparisons of different studies and their own study. These authors do address different points of view as they address different studies done on this subject. The authors language does not suggest any bias.
4. Divorcesource.com: This website has no documented author or sponsorship. This seems to be an informative website and it appears its purpose is to provide information for people going through a divorce. The information includes all aspects of a divorce, including but not limited to issues involving children, finances, assets, etc. This website discusses the effects of divorce on children but not long term effects and therefore, doesn't appear to be relevant to my topic. The website had the current date but I couldn't tell if that is the date that the website was last updated. It doesn't appear that this website is bias.
5. Childadvocate.net: The author of this website appears to be Chris Petersen, M.D. (child and adolescence psychiatrist). Also this website states that it is in compliance with HONcode and was last reviewed by the HONcode team in August 2009. The HONcode pledges to respect and honor 8 principles: authoritative, complementarity, privacy, attribution, justifiability, transparency, financial disclosure and advertising policy. This website's awards and acknowledgments include Family Friendly Cite recognized and respected on the WWW, Editor's Choice Healing Well.com, and Golden Web award 2002-2003. It appears that this website has several contributors including doctors, attorneys, and a former director of the National Counsel of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. The purpose of this website is to "serve the needs of children, families and professionals while addressing mental health, medical, educational, legal and legislative issues." The audience appears to be large and includes anyone needing information about children and it appears this website is relevant to my topic. This website was last revised on October 10, 2009. It doesn't appear that this website is bias.
6. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP.org): This website seems to be authored and sponsored by the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Association. This seems to be an informative website and it appears its purpose is to provide information to families, medical students/residents and other medical professionals such as psychiatrists, etc. regarding mental, behavioral and developmental disorders affecting children. Although this website addresses children and divorce, I couldn't find anything about the long-term effects of divorce on children; therefore, it doesn't appear to be relevant to my topic. I couldn't find any information as to when this website was last updated. This website could be bias but it is hard to tell, because it doesn't disclose its affiliations or give information regarding the legislation it supports.
Thursday, October 8, 2009
RJA 8c: Multimedia
Resources searched or tool used: Blinkx.com
Keywords used: children and divorce
Search strategies used: Boolean
Date of search: 10/11/09
Number of hits: 8000 videos
Relevance of hits (1 to 5): 3
1. How Divorce Effects Children: children of divorce discuss their experiences
2. Divorce Affects Children!
3. Effects of Divorce on Children
Keywords used: children and divorce
Search strategies used: Boolean
Date of search: 10/11/09
Number of hits: 8000 videos
Relevance of hits (1 to 5): 3
1. How Divorce Effects Children: children of divorce discuss their experiences
2. Divorce Affects Children!
3. Effects of Divorce on Children
RJA 8b: Social Media
Resources searched or tool used: Technorati.com
Keywords used: 1st search - children and divorce; 2nd search - effects of divorce on children
Search strategies used: Boolean
Date of search: 10/11/09
Number of hits: 300
Relevance of hits (1 to 5): 1
1. Psychological Effects of Divorce on Children
2. The Damage of Divorce: Who pays the most?
Keywords used: 1st search - children and divorce; 2nd search - effects of divorce on children
Search strategies used: Boolean
Date of search: 10/11/09
Number of hits: 300
Relevance of hits (1 to 5): 1
1. Psychological Effects of Divorce on Children
2. The Damage of Divorce: Who pays the most?
RJA 8a: Websites
Resource searched or tool used: redz.com
Keywords used: children and divorce
Search strategies used: Boolean
Date of search: 10/11/09
Number of hits: 25
Relevance of hits (1 to 5): 2.5
1. Divorcesource.com
2. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - AACAP.org
3. Oregoncounseling.org
4. Childadvocate.net
Keywords used: children and divorce
Search strategies used: Boolean
Date of search: 10/11/09
Number of hits: 25
Relevance of hits (1 to 5): 2.5
1. Divorcesource.com
2. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - AACAP.org
3. Oregoncounseling.org
4. Childadvocate.net
Thursday, October 1, 2009
Internet Research Project
My assigned Internet research tool is Scout Report Archives a/k/a Internet Scout Project. This tool has been around since 1994 and is part of the University of Wisconsin. It seems to be geared more towards academics. It is a way of keeping informed of what they consider the most valuable online resources (websites, etc.).
Many people feel the Internet Scout Project is a very "important source for new developments and offerings on the web." These "new developments and offerings" can be provided directly to you via e-mail. The Internet Scout Project "aims to be the largest science, technology, engineering and math digital library every created."
This research tool is not very user friendly. There is no help function or any directions as to how to best do a search on this site so you just have to guess. It's an if you don't first succeed, try again and again and again situation.
The easiest way I found to search is through the archive directory as everything is listed by subjects or topics. I can't figure out the operators. The operator "and" works, but if you do an identical search using "or" you don't get any matches.
I did not find this tool very helpful.
Many people feel the Internet Scout Project is a very "important source for new developments and offerings on the web." These "new developments and offerings" can be provided directly to you via e-mail. The Internet Scout Project "aims to be the largest science, technology, engineering and math digital library every created."
This research tool is not very user friendly. There is no help function or any directions as to how to best do a search on this site so you just have to guess. It's an if you don't first succeed, try again and again and again situation.
The easiest way I found to search is through the archive directory as everything is listed by subjects or topics. I can't figure out the operators. The operator "and" works, but if you do an identical search using "or" you don't get any matches.
I did not find this tool very helpful.
RJA #7c: Field Research Plan
For my field research, I'm going to interview Gina Weitzenkorn, a Child & Family Investigator (CFI) and possibly a Guardian ad Litem. I will interview her in her office as that is more convenient for her. I will be using an audio recording device and taking notes. I want to complete my interview with the CFI by the week of October 12th. Some of the questions I will be asking the CFI will include (not in any particular order):
1. What is your role as a CFI?
2. What are some of the issues that see you children dealing with during their parents divorce?
3. How do you see these issues affecting these children in the long run?
4. What do you think parents can do to ease the effects of divorce on children.
I will also be interviewing two adults (A.G. and L.C. and maybe others) about their experiences as children with their parents' divorce and the effects, if any, that they are dealing with now. With these interviews, I will be mailing each of them a questionnaire to complete and then arrange for follow up conversations should I need clarification on any of their responses or additional information. I will conduct the follow up sessions/interviews by phone. I want to send out my questionnaires the week of October 5th and have them returned, reviewed and do my followup sessions the week of August 19th. Some of the questions (open ended, survey and yes/no) I will be asking include (not in any particular order):
1. How old were you when you realized your parents were having marital problems?
2. Did you ever think that your parents might separate or divorce?
3. How old were you when your parents divorced?
4. I had to take sides in my parents' conflicts (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
5. When you were growing up, did you feel too responsible for taking care of your mother/father/brother or sister?
6. At any time in the years after the divorce, were you asked to choose which parent to live with?
7. I often missed my mother/father (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
8. There are things that my mother/father has done that I find hard to forgive (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
9. I generally felt physically safe (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
10. I was alone a lot as a child (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
11. Sometimes I felt like I didn't' have a home (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
12. I generally felt emotionally safe (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
13. I felt like I had two families (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
14. I felt like I had two homes (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
15. When you were growing up did you ever run away from home?
16. When you were growing up were you ever kicked out of the house?
17. I feel I can depend on my friends more than my family (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
18. When I have a conflict with someone, I usually feel it can only get worse, not better (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
19. I have experienced many losses in my life (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
20. I don't feel that anyone really understands me (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
21. In general, would you say most people can be trusted or you can't be too careful in life?
22. What is your marital status?
23. If you are married, taking all things together, how would you describe your marriage (very happy, pretty happy, not too happy).
24. If you are married, how old were you when you got married.
25. Have you ever been divorced? If so, how old were you when you got divorced.
26. Do you have children? If so, how many?
27. What is your level of education (graduate degree, bachelor's degree, associate degree, some college, HS degree, no HS degree).
I would also like to ask some questions about premarital history/social relationships, economic circumstances, health, psychological issues, drug/alcohol use/abuse, attitude toward divorce, etc.
1. What is your role as a CFI?
2. What are some of the issues that see you children dealing with during their parents divorce?
3. How do you see these issues affecting these children in the long run?
4. What do you think parents can do to ease the effects of divorce on children.
I will also be interviewing two adults (A.G. and L.C. and maybe others) about their experiences as children with their parents' divorce and the effects, if any, that they are dealing with now. With these interviews, I will be mailing each of them a questionnaire to complete and then arrange for follow up conversations should I need clarification on any of their responses or additional information. I will conduct the follow up sessions/interviews by phone. I want to send out my questionnaires the week of October 5th and have them returned, reviewed and do my followup sessions the week of August 19th. Some of the questions (open ended, survey and yes/no) I will be asking include (not in any particular order):
1. How old were you when you realized your parents were having marital problems?
2. Did you ever think that your parents might separate or divorce?
3. How old were you when your parents divorced?
4. I had to take sides in my parents' conflicts (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
5. When you were growing up, did you feel too responsible for taking care of your mother/father/brother or sister?
6. At any time in the years after the divorce, were you asked to choose which parent to live with?
7. I often missed my mother/father (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
8. There are things that my mother/father has done that I find hard to forgive (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
9. I generally felt physically safe (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
10. I was alone a lot as a child (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
11. Sometimes I felt like I didn't' have a home (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
12. I generally felt emotionally safe (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
13. I felt like I had two families (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
14. I felt like I had two homes (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
15. When you were growing up did you ever run away from home?
16. When you were growing up were you ever kicked out of the house?
17. I feel I can depend on my friends more than my family (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
18. When I have a conflict with someone, I usually feel it can only get worse, not better (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
19. I have experienced many losses in my life (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
20. I don't feel that anyone really understands me (strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree).
21. In general, would you say most people can be trusted or you can't be too careful in life?
22. What is your marital status?
23. If you are married, taking all things together, how would you describe your marriage (very happy, pretty happy, not too happy).
24. If you are married, how old were you when you got married.
25. Have you ever been divorced? If so, how old were you when you got divorced.
26. Do you have children? If so, how many?
27. What is your level of education (graduate degree, bachelor's degree, associate degree, some college, HS degree, no HS degree).
I would also like to ask some questions about premarital history/social relationships, economic circumstances, health, psychological issues, drug/alcohol use/abuse, attitude toward divorce, etc.
RJA #7b: Internet Research Tool Test
Resource searched: Scout Report Archives
Keywords used: divorce, dissolution of marriage, children, child; marriage
Search strategies used: I did not have much luck using keywords, so I browsed the archives directory via the "subject headings."
Date of search: 10/4/09
Number of hits: children: 22 hits; child: 14 hits; divorce: 1 hit; dissolution of marriage: 0 hits; marriage: 4 hits
Relevance of hits: 1
Keywords used: divorce, dissolution of marriage, children, child; marriage
Search strategies used: I did not have much luck using keywords, so I browsed the archives directory via the "subject headings."
Date of search: 10/4/09
Number of hits: children: 22 hits; child: 14 hits; divorce: 1 hit; dissolution of marriage: 0 hits; marriage: 4 hits
Relevance of hits: 1
RJA #7a: Internet Research Tools
When I do any Internet research, I regularly use Google (google.com). I like to use Google because it is very easy to use and seems to be geared towards people with minimal computer experience. I like that it will allow me to use phrases when I do searches, and I don't have to worry about using any special symbols or characters, like Boolean operators. I am not familiar with any other research tools. I have heard of some, like Bing and askjeeves.com, but I have never used these research tools.
Sunday, September 27, 2009
RJA #6b: Search Strings
1. divorce and children
2. divorce and child*
3. effects and divorce and (child* or young adults)
4. effects+divorce+child*+young adults
5. "effects of divorce on children"
6. "effects of divorce on child*"
2. divorce and child*
3. effects and divorce and (child* or young adults)
4. effects+divorce+child*+young adults
5. "effects of divorce on children"
6. "effects of divorce on child*"
RJA #6a: Periodical Articles
Resource searched: Jeffco Public Library (EBSCOhost/Academic Search Premier database)
Keywords used: children, divorce effects of divorce
Search strategy: Boolean Searching and Search Engine Math
Date Searched: 9/20/09 and 9/26/09
Number of hits:
Relevance of hits: 5
Name of author: Portnoy, Sanford M.
Title of article: The Psychology of Divorce: A Lawyer's Primer, Part 2: The Effects of Divorce on Children
Title of periodical: American Journal of Family Law
Volume and issue number: Vol. 21, Issue 4
Date: Winter 2008
Pages on which article appears: 126-134
Name of author: Lach, Jennifer
Title of article: The Consequences of Divorce
Title of periodical: American Demographics
Volume and issue number: Vol. 21, Issue 10
Date: October 1999
Pages on which article appears: 14-17
Name of author: Furstenberg Jr., Frank F.
Title of article: Divorce and the American Family
Title of periodical: Annual Review of Sociology
Volume and issue number: Vol. 16, Issue 1
Date: 1990
Pages on which article appears: 379-403
Keywords used: children, divorce effects of divorce
Search strategy: Boolean Searching and Search Engine Math
Date Searched: 9/20/09 and 9/26/09
Number of hits:
Relevance of hits: 5
Name of author: Portnoy, Sanford M.
Title of article: The Psychology of Divorce: A Lawyer's Primer, Part 2: The Effects of Divorce on Children
Title of periodical: American Journal of Family Law
Volume and issue number: Vol. 21, Issue 4
Date: Winter 2008
Pages on which article appears: 126-134
Name of author: Lach, Jennifer
Title of article: The Consequences of Divorce
Title of periodical: American Demographics
Volume and issue number: Vol. 21, Issue 10
Date: October 1999
Pages on which article appears: 14-17
Name of author: Furstenberg Jr., Frank F.
Title of article: Divorce and the American Family
Title of periodical: Annual Review of Sociology
Volume and issue number: Vol. 16, Issue 1
Date: 1990
Pages on which article appears: 379-403
Monday, September 21, 2009
RJA#5a: Finding Reference Articles
Resource searched: Jeffco Public Library (EBSCOhost/Academic Search Premier database)Keywords used: children, divorce, effects of divorce
Search strategy: Boolean Searching (children AND divorce) and Search Engine Math ("effects of divorce on children")
Date searched: 9/20/09
Number of hits: 67
Relevance of hits on scale of 1 to 5: 5
Author/Title of Reference work: American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Title: Facts for Famlies, Children and Divorce
Web address: http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/children_and_divorce
Author: U.S. Government/U.S. Census Bureau
Title: Families and Living Arrangements in 2005
Web address: http://www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/files/dynamic/FamiliesLA.pdf
Author: U.S. Government/U.S. Census Bureau
Title: The Living Arrangements of Children in 2005
Web address: http://www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/files/dynamic/LivArrChildren.pdf
Author: U.S. Government/U.S. Census Bureau
Title: Births, Deaths, Marriages and Divorces
Web address: http://www.census/gov/prod/www/abs/statab2006_2009.html
Author: Linda Jacobson
Title: Emotional Damage from Divorce Found to Linger
Title of reference work: Education Week, 02774232, 6/11/97, Vol. 16, Issue 37
Web address:
http://rpproxy.iii.com:9797/MuseSessionID=96c663291c7fdeb61314b7fba7af8f/MuseHost=web.ebscohost.com/MusePath/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=8&sid=21348e8c-b7bf-42a2-8511-f37624dccde4%40sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d
Authors: Sharon W. Royal and Howard M. Knoff
Title: Children and Divorce
Title of reference work: School Psychology Review, 1990, Vol. 19, Issue 2, p.253-254
Web address:
http://rpproxy.iii.com:9797/MuseSessionID=e524f8fd327ed9798cd5cc5fff0bbee/MuseHost=web.ebscohost.com/MusePath/ehost/detail?vid=2&hid=6&sid=dd0a8390-0e00-4aa6-a261-e8d78c9ec1b5%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=9607015461
Authors: Verna M. Keith and Barbara Finlay
Title: The Impact of Parental Divorce on Children's Educational Attainment, Marital Timing, and Likelihood of Divorce
Title of reference work: Journal of Marriage & Family, Vol. 50, Issue 3
Date of publication: August 1998
Page numbers: 797-809
Authors: Hillevi M. Aro and Ulla K. Palosaari
Title: Parental Divorce, Adolescence, and Transition to Young Adulthood: A Follow-up Study
Title of reference work: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 62, Issue 3
Date of publication: July 1992
Page numbers: 421-429
Authors: S. Manning and W. Cole
Title: Children of Divorce (cover story)
Title of reference work: Scholastic Update, Vol. 125, Issue 1
Date of publication: 9/6/91
Page numbers: 13-15
Author: A. Toufexis
Title: The Lasting Wounds of Divorce
Title of reference work: Time, Vol. 133, Issue 6
Date of publication: 2/6/89
Page numbers: 61
Author: Hilary Anderson
Title: Children of Divorce
Title of reference work: Journal of Clinical Child Psychology
Date of publication: Si,,er 1088
Page numbers: 41-44
Search strategy: Boolean Searching (children AND divorce) and Search Engine Math ("effects of divorce on children")
Date searched: 9/20/09
Number of hits: 67
Relevance of hits on scale of 1 to 5: 5
Author/Title of Reference work: American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Title: Facts for Famlies, Children and Divorce
Web address: http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/children_and_divorce
Author: U.S. Government/U.S. Census Bureau
Title: Families and Living Arrangements in 2005
Web address: http://www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/files/dynamic/FamiliesLA.pdf
Author: U.S. Government/U.S. Census Bureau
Title: The Living Arrangements of Children in 2005
Web address: http://www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/files/dynamic/LivArrChildren.pdf
Author: U.S. Government/U.S. Census Bureau
Title: Births, Deaths, Marriages and Divorces
Web address: http://www.census/gov/prod/www/abs/statab2006_2009.html
Author: Linda Jacobson
Title: Emotional Damage from Divorce Found to Linger
Title of reference work: Education Week, 02774232, 6/11/97, Vol. 16, Issue 37
Web address:
http://rpproxy.iii.com:9797/MuseSessionID=96c663291c7fdeb61314b7fba7af8f/MuseHost=web.ebscohost.com/MusePath/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=8&sid=21348e8c-b7bf-42a2-8511-f37624dccde4%40sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d
Authors: Sharon W. Royal and Howard M. Knoff
Title: Children and Divorce
Title of reference work: School Psychology Review, 1990, Vol. 19, Issue 2, p.253-254
Web address:
http://rpproxy.iii.com:9797/MuseSessionID=e524f8fd327ed9798cd5cc5fff0bbee/MuseHost=web.ebscohost.com/MusePath/ehost/detail?vid=2&hid=6&sid=dd0a8390-0e00-4aa6-a261-e8d78c9ec1b5%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=9607015461
Authors: Verna M. Keith and Barbara Finlay
Title: The Impact of Parental Divorce on Children's Educational Attainment, Marital Timing, and Likelihood of Divorce
Title of reference work: Journal of Marriage & Family, Vol. 50, Issue 3
Date of publication: August 1998
Page numbers: 797-809
Authors: Hillevi M. Aro and Ulla K. Palosaari
Title: Parental Divorce, Adolescence, and Transition to Young Adulthood: A Follow-up Study
Title of reference work: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 62, Issue 3
Date of publication: July 1992
Page numbers: 421-429
Authors: S. Manning and W. Cole
Title: Children of Divorce (cover story)
Title of reference work: Scholastic Update, Vol. 125, Issue 1
Date of publication: 9/6/91
Page numbers: 13-15
Author: A. Toufexis
Title: The Lasting Wounds of Divorce
Title of reference work: Time, Vol. 133, Issue 6
Date of publication: 2/6/89
Page numbers: 61
Author: Hilary Anderson
Title: Children of Divorce
Title of reference work: Journal of Clinical Child Psychology
Date of publication: Si,,er 1088
Page numbers: 41-44
RJA #5b: Finding Books
1. An attorney at my office provided me with the following books on 9/4/09:
Author(s): Garla B. Garrity and Mitchell A. Baris
Title: Caught in the Middle
Subtitle: Protecting the Children of High-Conflict Divorce
Place of publication: New York and Canada
Name of Publisher: Lexington Books
Date of publication (copyright): 1994
Author(s): Mitchell A. Baris, Ph.D. and Carla B. Garrity, Ph.D.
Title: Children of Divorce
Subtitle: A Developmental Approach to Residence and Visitation
Place of publication: Illinois
Name of Publisher: Psytec Corporation
Date of publication (copyright): 1988
Author(s): E. Mavis Hetherington and John Kelly
Title: For Better or for Worse
Subtitle: Divorce Reconsidered Surprising Results from the motst Comprehensive Study of Divorce in America
Place of publication: New York and London
Name of Publisher: W.W. Norton & Company
Date of publication (copyright): 2002
Author(s): Judith S. Wallerstein, Julia M. Lewis and Sandra Blakeslee
Title: The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce
Subtitle: A 25 Year Landmark Study
Place of publication: New York
Name of Publisher: Hyperion
Date of publication (copyright): 2000
2. Resource searched: Jefferson County Public Library (EBSCOhost/Academic Search Premier)
Keywords used: Children, Divorce, effects of divorce
Search strategy (including operators and types of searches): Boolean Searching (children AND divorce) and Search Engine Math ("effects of divorce on children")
Date of search: 9/20/09
Number of hits: 67
Relevance of hits on scale 1to5) 5
Author(s): Judith S. Wallerstein and Sandra Blakeslee
Title/Subtitle: Second Chances: Men, Women and Children a Decade after Divorce
Place of publication: New York
Name of Publisher: Tichnor &i Fields
Date of publication (copyright): 1989
Author(s): Constance R. Ahrons
Title/Subtitle: We're Still Family: What Grown Children have to say about their Parents' Divorce Edition number or information: 1st Edition
Place of publication: New York
Name of Publisher: HarperCollins
Date of publication (copyright): 2004
Author(s): Claire Berman
Title/Subtitle: Adult Children of Divorce Speak Out about Growing Up with - and Moving Beyond - Parenal Divorce
Place of publication: New York
Name of Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Date of publication (copyright): 1991
Author(s): Garla B. Garrity and Mitchell A. Baris
Title: Caught in the Middle
Subtitle: Protecting the Children of High-Conflict Divorce
Place of publication: New York and Canada
Name of Publisher: Lexington Books
Date of publication (copyright): 1994
Author(s): Mitchell A. Baris, Ph.D. and Carla B. Garrity, Ph.D.
Title: Children of Divorce
Subtitle: A Developmental Approach to Residence and Visitation
Place of publication: Illinois
Name of Publisher: Psytec Corporation
Date of publication (copyright): 1988
Author(s): E. Mavis Hetherington and John Kelly
Title: For Better or for Worse
Subtitle: Divorce Reconsidered Surprising Results from the motst Comprehensive Study of Divorce in America
Place of publication: New York and London
Name of Publisher: W.W. Norton & Company
Date of publication (copyright): 2002
Author(s): Judith S. Wallerstein, Julia M. Lewis and Sandra Blakeslee
Title: The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce
Subtitle: A 25 Year Landmark Study
Place of publication: New York
Name of Publisher: Hyperion
Date of publication (copyright): 2000
2. Resource searched: Jefferson County Public Library (EBSCOhost/Academic Search Premier)
Keywords used: Children, Divorce, effects of divorce
Search strategy (including operators and types of searches): Boolean Searching (children AND divorce) and Search Engine Math ("effects of divorce on children")
Date of search: 9/20/09
Number of hits: 67
Relevance of hits on scale 1to5) 5
Author(s): Judith S. Wallerstein and Sandra Blakeslee
Title/Subtitle: Second Chances: Men, Women and Children a Decade after Divorce
Place of publication: New York
Name of Publisher: Tichnor &i Fields
Date of publication (copyright): 1989
Author(s): Constance R. Ahrons
Title/Subtitle: We're Still Family: What Grown Children have to say about their Parents' Divorce Edition number or information: 1st Edition
Place of publication: New York
Name of Publisher: HarperCollins
Date of publication (copyright): 2004
Author(s): Claire Berman
Title/Subtitle: Adult Children of Divorce Speak Out about Growing Up with - and Moving Beyond - Parenal Divorce
Place of publication: New York
Name of Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Date of publication (copyright): 1991
Saturday, September 12, 2009
RJA #4b: Writing Search Strings
1. divorce and child*
2. effects and divorce and (child* or young adults)
3. effects+divorce+child*+young adults
4. "effects of divorce on child*"
2. effects and divorce and (child* or young adults)
3. effects+divorce+child*+young adults
4. "effects of divorce on child*"
RJA #4a: Generating Keywords
effects
effect
affects
affect
affects
affect
result
outcome
consequence
upshot
end product
outcome
cause
produce
achieve
influence
shape
change
concern
distress
divorce
divorc*
dissolution of marriage
separation
split
split-up
break up
children
child
child*
adult
kids
kid
young adult
youngster
young person
adolescent
teen
teenager
baby
infant
offspring
family
effect
affects
affect
affects
affect
result
outcome
consequence
upshot
end product
outcome
cause
produce
achieve
influence
shape
change
concern
distress
divorce
divorc*
dissolution of marriage
separation
split
split-up
break up
children
child
child*
adult
kids
kid
young adult
youngster
young person
adolescent
teen
teenager
baby
infant
offspring
family
Friday, September 4, 2009
RJA #3c: Developing Research Question
1. How does divorce effect children 18 years of age and older?
2. What are the effects of divorce on children 18 years of age and older?
3. What are the causes of negative effects of divorce on children?
4. What effects of divorce do children carry with them as they become adults?
5. Why are some children more effected by divorce than other children?
6. Who is to blame for the negative effects of divorce on children?
7. What can be done to prevent children from experiencing the negative effects of their parents' divorce?
2. What are the effects of divorce on children 18 years of age and older?
3. What are the causes of negative effects of divorce on children?
4. What effects of divorce do children carry with them as they become adults?
5. Why are some children more effected by divorce than other children?
6. Who is to blame for the negative effects of divorce on children?
7. What can be done to prevent children from experiencing the negative effects of their parents' divorce?
RJA #3b: Narrowing Research Topic
After exploring my topic (the effects of divorce on children), I'm not concerned that I will not have enough information to meet the requirements of this assignment. In fact, I'm concerned that there may be too much information available. I'm concerned I may not be able to explore this topic as thoroughly as I would like or need to in order to properly write about this topic. Therefore, I feel I need to narrow my topic. Right now my focus on the effects of divorce on children is centered around all children. I'm more interested in adult children and the effects of divorce that they may carry with them into their adulthood. With that in mind, I'm going to focus my research on children who are 18 years old and older.
RJA #3a: Exploring Research Topic
I explored my research topic this week by reviewing information I already had in my possession; reviewing my employer's "custody" packet of information that is given to new clients (articles, etc.) and searching on Google. I also did a very general search on Google Scholar and found several articles from "Psychology Today. The references in these articles led me to other resources; specifically, a government website relating to divorce statistics.
I contacted the Colorado Bar Association to see if I could get the video or audio tape of the seminar "From the Horses Mouths," which was a panel discussion of young adults who discussed their own experiences with their parents' divorce. The CBA was unable to locate this for me, but they suggested that I search their website (cobar.org) to see if there were any other seminars that I might be able to use in my research project. I did this search and didn't find any materials that I thought I could use, but I did find some names of psychologists and/or psychiatrists that I would like to contact to see if they can provide me with information or help me find additional information on this topic.
I checked out the blog, Children of Divorce. This blog did not contain a lot of useful information, but it did lead me to yet another article that may prove to be helpful.
I spoke with an attorney that I work with and she gave me some books to review. I did a brief review of four books related to my topic and thought these may be helpful.
Through these efforts, I reviewed a lot of information about children and divorce and the effects of divorce on children. I learned that these effects can also carry on into these children's adult lives. I didn't realize there was so much information out there on this topic. I'm currently experiencing information overload.
I contacted the Colorado Bar Association to see if I could get the video or audio tape of the seminar "From the Horses Mouths," which was a panel discussion of young adults who discussed their own experiences with their parents' divorce. The CBA was unable to locate this for me, but they suggested that I search their website (cobar.org) to see if there were any other seminars that I might be able to use in my research project. I did this search and didn't find any materials that I thought I could use, but I did find some names of psychologists and/or psychiatrists that I would like to contact to see if they can provide me with information or help me find additional information on this topic.
I checked out the blog, Children of Divorce. This blog did not contain a lot of useful information, but it did lead me to yet another article that may prove to be helpful.
I spoke with an attorney that I work with and she gave me some books to review. I did a brief review of four books related to my topic and thought these may be helpful.
Through these efforts, I reviewed a lot of information about children and divorce and the effects of divorce on children. I learned that these effects can also carry on into these children's adult lives. I didn't realize there was so much information out there on this topic. I'm currently experiencing information overload.
Sunday, August 30, 2009
RJA #2c: Delicious Account
Explore my bookmarks which are related to my research topic - the effect of divorce on children.
RJA #2b: Research Topic
My initial list of potential topics included tax and family law issues. With regard to tax issues, I initially did some research online and reviewed my Tax I textbook. I decided to stay within the topic of "personal taxes" as I thought this was the one area that the majority of my audience (my classmates) could relate to, but I found that because I am so unfamiliar with this topic, I did not feel comfortable pursuing it. Therefore, I started researching family law issues by reviewing articles about divorce and related issues. Again, I was not convinced that my audience could relate to these issues. Also, I deal with family law issues on a daily basis so I believe that I am too familiar with these issues. When I was about to give up my search, I found an article about children and divorce and I thought that this would be an interesting topic because it is not an issue that I deal directly with at work; therefore, I decided to research the topic of children and divorce.
I have been working in the area of family law for over 20 years, so I am very familiar with all family law issues including divorce and the process people have to go through to obtain a divorce. As I stated earlier, the topic of children and divorce is not an issue I deal directly with on a daily basis. What I know about children and divorce is that sometimes parents going through a divorce are so angry that they cannot put the needs of their children before their own. Sometimes they cannot see how their negative actions toward each other or their attempts to get back at each other by putting their children in the middle of their arguments can be harmful or hard on their children. I am currently involved in a case where four year old twins are seeing a psychiatrist because their parents cannot get a long and apparently cannot see how their actions are affecting their children. This divorce will be over soon, but these children may have problems that last a lifetime. This is an extreme case. Of course there are many parents who can put their children first and the children may have an easier time of it; regardless, I believe that the divorce process for any child can be difficult.
I know from my work experience how difficult the divorce process can be for adults. I listen to their complaints all the time. I do not know how the children handle these situations or how they feel about their parents' divorce. I never get to talk to the children in our cases. What I do not know, with the exception of the extreme case mentioned above, is how difficult the process can be for the children of divorce. Not just the process of going through this difficult time, but the effects this may have on the children in the future. What I want to learn about this topic is the effect of divorce on children.
Friday, August 28, 2009
RJA #2a: Possible Topics
Tax Issues
1. I'm an accounting major so I'm definitely interested in this topic.
2. I believe this is an academic topic since tax is taught at MSCD.
3. I believe I can cover a topic in this area adequately in 3600 words.
4. I believe I shouldn't have any trouble finding the required sources.
5. I'm not too familiar with this topic.
6. I cannot determine if topics concerning this issue have been used too much.
Pros: My audience should be able to relate to this issue as almost everyone should have filed a tax return at least once.
Cons: Although I'm interested in this topic, I'm very unfamiliar with this topic and do not feel I have adequate time to do enough research to narrow my topic down to a specific issue within the topic of "taxes."
Family Law Issues (Separation and other Marital Agreements, Disposition of Property, Maintenance (f/k/a alimony), Child Support, Allocation of Parental Responsibilities and Procedural and Evidentiary Matters)
1. These topics all involve my current profession as a paralegal in a family law firm and because I deal with them day in and day out, I may not find them too interesting.
2. As the subject of family law is taught in college, I believe these can be considered academic topics.
3. I believe I can cover a topic in this area adequately in 3600 words.
4. I believe I shouldn't have any trouble finding the required sources.
5. I may be too familiar with a topic in any of these areas.
6. I cannot determine if topics concerning these issues have been used too much, but it is doubtful.
Pros: I would have plenty of resources since I work in this field. My research might not be too difficult.
Cons: I feel too familiar with these topics and am not particularly interested in them. I don't think most of my audience could relate to these topics.
Children and Divorce
1. I'm very interested in this topic.
2. This could be an academic or scholarly issue. This topic could fall under the category of social sciences (psychology).
3. I believe I can cover this topic adequately in 3600 words.
4. I believe I shouldn't have any trouble finding the required sources.
5. I don't think I'm too familiar with this topic as my job doesn't deal with how a client's child is effected by the divorce or problems of his/her parents.
6. I cannot determine if this topic has been used too much.
Pros: I love this topic because I'm always concerned about the children when their parents are going through a divorce. This topic could be very interesting. Statics show that approximately 50% or more of marriages end in divorce, which means that a lot of people could relate to this topic. I'm not as familiar with this topic as I would be if I choose a topic under "family law issues" and therefore, this might be more challenging.
Cons: Because I'm not as familiar with this topic, the "challenging" aspect might be difficult.
1. I'm an accounting major so I'm definitely interested in this topic.
2. I believe this is an academic topic since tax is taught at MSCD.
3. I believe I can cover a topic in this area adequately in 3600 words.
4. I believe I shouldn't have any trouble finding the required sources.
5. I'm not too familiar with this topic.
6. I cannot determine if topics concerning this issue have been used too much.
Pros: My audience should be able to relate to this issue as almost everyone should have filed a tax return at least once.
Cons: Although I'm interested in this topic, I'm very unfamiliar with this topic and do not feel I have adequate time to do enough research to narrow my topic down to a specific issue within the topic of "taxes."
Family Law Issues (Separation and other Marital Agreements, Disposition of Property, Maintenance (f/k/a alimony), Child Support, Allocation of Parental Responsibilities and Procedural and Evidentiary Matters)
1. These topics all involve my current profession as a paralegal in a family law firm and because I deal with them day in and day out, I may not find them too interesting.
2. As the subject of family law is taught in college, I believe these can be considered academic topics.
3. I believe I can cover a topic in this area adequately in 3600 words.
4. I believe I shouldn't have any trouble finding the required sources.
5. I may be too familiar with a topic in any of these areas.
6. I cannot determine if topics concerning these issues have been used too much, but it is doubtful.
Pros: I would have plenty of resources since I work in this field. My research might not be too difficult.
Cons: I feel too familiar with these topics and am not particularly interested in them. I don't think most of my audience could relate to these topics.
Children and Divorce
1. I'm very interested in this topic.
2. This could be an academic or scholarly issue. This topic could fall under the category of social sciences (psychology).
3. I believe I can cover this topic adequately in 3600 words.
4. I believe I shouldn't have any trouble finding the required sources.
5. I don't think I'm too familiar with this topic as my job doesn't deal with how a client's child is effected by the divorce or problems of his/her parents.
6. I cannot determine if this topic has been used too much.
Pros: I love this topic because I'm always concerned about the children when their parents are going through a divorce. This topic could be very interesting. Statics show that approximately 50% or more of marriages end in divorce, which means that a lot of people could relate to this topic. I'm not as familiar with this topic as I would be if I choose a topic under "family law issues" and therefore, this might be more challenging.
Cons: Because I'm not as familiar with this topic, the "challenging" aspect might be difficult.
Thursday, August 20, 2009
Research Journal Assignment #1: Areas of Academic Interest
My major area of academic interest is accounting. Following are the accounting classes I have taken or are taking to date:
University of Colorado at Denver
- Acct. 2200 - Financial Accounting and Financial Statement Analysis
- Acct. 2220 - Managerial Accounting and Professional Issues
- Acct. 3054 - Accounting Systems and Data Processing
- Acct. 3220 - Intermediate Financial Accounting I
- Acct. 3230 - Intermediate Financial Accounting II
Metropolitan State College of Denver
- Acct. 3090 - Tax I
I think tax issues would be an interesting topic to cover. I'm just not sure I know enough about this topic. I would have research this topic more as there are so many issues related to this topic.
I currently work in the field of family law. Following is a list of family law issues that I deal with on a regular basis:
Family Law Issues
- Separation and other Marital Agreements
- Disposition of Property
- Maintenance (f/k/a alimony)
- Child Support
- Allocation of Parental Responsibilities (custody/decision making/parenting time)
- Procedural and Evidentiary Matters
This area is not my major area of academic interest, but I'm comfortable with this topic because I have worked in this field for many years. It may be easier for me to narrow down an issue under this topic for my research paper.
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